How Bankruptcy Affects Divorce Settlements in Utah

Divorce and bankruptcy are two of the most stressful legal proceedings individuals can face. When these two issues intersect, the financial and legal implications can be complex. In Utah, as in other states, the way bankruptcy affects a divorce settlement depends on the type of bankruptcy filed, the timing of the bankruptcy, and how assets and debts are divided between spouses. Understanding these factors is crucial for making informed decisions during a divorce proceeding.

Understanding Bankruptcy and Divorce

Types of Bankruptcy

The two primary types of bankruptcy filed by individuals are Chapter 7 and Chapter 13 bankruptcy.

Chapter 7 Bankruptcy: Also known as “liquidation bankruptcy,” this process involves selling non-exempt assets to pay off debts. It typically lasts three to six months and discharges most unsecured debts, such as credit card debt and medical bills.
Chapter 13 Bankruptcy: This is a “reorganization bankruptcy” where a debtor establishes a repayment plan over three to five years. It allows individuals to keep their assets while repaying debts under court supervision.

Each type of bankruptcy affects divorce settlements differently, impacting property division, child support, and alimony.

How Bankruptcy Affects Key Aspects of Divorce Settlements

1. Property Division

Utah follows equitable distribution laws, meaning marital property is divided fairly but not necessarily equally. When one spouse files for bankruptcy, the distribution of assets can be significantly affected.

Before Divorce: If one spouse files for bankruptcy before the divorce is finalized, the court may pause the division of assets due to the automatic stay (explained below). The bankruptcy court determines how debts and assets are handled before the divorce court can proceed.
After Divorce: If bankruptcy is filed post-divorce, the property division agreement established in the divorce decree remains in effect, but creditors may still pursue payments from the non-filing spouse if debts were jointly held.

2. Alimony and Child Support

One crucial fact about bankruptcy is that alimony and child support obligations cannot be discharged under either Chapter 7 or Chapter 13 bankruptcy (U.S. Bankruptcy Code).

Courts treat these obligations as priority debts that must be paid.
A Chapter 13 bankruptcy may restructure how these payments are made, but it will not eliminate the responsibility to pay them.

Thus, a spouse seeking bankruptcy cannot avoid their responsibility to support their children or former spouse.

3. Joint Debts and Bankruptcy Filing

If both spouses share significant debt, filing for bankruptcy before the divorce may be beneficial. This can eliminate joint debts, preventing legal battles over who is responsible for paying them after the divorce.

However, if only one spouse files for bankruptcy, the non-filing spouse may still be held responsible for the full amount of any joint debts, even if the divorce decree assigns those debts to the spouse who filed.

4. Automatic Stay and Divorce Proceedings

When an individual files for bankruptcy, an automatic stay is issued by the bankruptcy court. This stay prevents creditors from collecting debts and temporarily halts civil proceedings, including divorce cases.

If a spouse files for bankruptcy before the divorce, the division of debts and assets may be delayed until the bankruptcy case is resolved.
However, the automatic stay does not stop legal proceedings related to child custody, child support, or alimony.

Timing Considerations: Filing for Bankruptcy Before or After Divorce

The timing of a bankruptcy filing plays a crucial role in its impact on a divorce settlement.

Filing Before Divorce

Pros:

Eliminates joint debt, preventing future disputes.
Simplifies property division since debts may be discharged before the divorce decree is issued.
Can be more cost-effective if both spouses file jointly.

Cons:

Can delay the divorce due to the automatic stay.
May complicate alimony and child support calculations.

Filing After Divorce

Pros:

Allows the divorce to proceed without delays from bankruptcy proceedings.
Ensures that each spouse takes responsibility for their assigned debts before the bankruptcy is filed.

Cons:

The non-filing spouse may still be held liable for joint debts if they were assigned to the filing spouse in the divorce decree.
May not provide relief from financial burdens if alimony or child support payments are involved.

Practical Steps to Take in Utah

Consult an Experienced Attorney

Given the complexity of divorce and bankruptcy laws in Utah, it’s essential to seek divorce advice from an experienced family law attorney. Firms such as Brown Family Law specialize in guiding clients through divorce and financial matters.

Assess Debt and Asset Distribution

Before making a decision about filing for bankruptcy, evaluate all marital debts and assets. Consider whether filing jointly or individually is the best option.

Understand Exemptions in Utah

Utah law allows certain exemptions that can protect assets from being liquidated in bankruptcy, including:

Up to $42,700 of home equity in a primary residence.
Certain retirement accounts and personal property.
Up to $3,000 in a motor vehicle (Utah Bankruptcy Exemptions).

Take the Next Step

If you’re going through a divorce and facing financial difficulties, it’s important to make informed decisions to protect your future. Whether you’re considering bankruptcy before or after your divorce, consulting both a bankruptcy attorney and a divorce attorney can help you navigate these complex legal matters effectively.

For personalized legal guidance, reach out to Brown Family Law today. Their experienced team can provide the support and insights needed to protect your financial stability and ensure a fair outcome in your divorce. Don’t wait—take control of your financial future now!

Excellent

Brown Family Law

Based on 938 reviews

See all reviews

bjenness79

I highly recommend Nathaniel Garrabrandt and Brown Family Law. If you are going through a divorce and your parental rights are being falsely challenged they are a great option. Nathaniel and Brown family law are professional, very knowledgeable, and know how to navigate within the broken and biased Utah family law court system. They were highly communicative throughout the process. They can potentially save you a lot of time and money if lawfare is being waged against you.

Barbara Thayer

Could not help with my case but referred me to someone who could .

Trisha Caldwell

Clay Randle was great and I would highly recommend him for an attorney.

Danny Caine

Russell was my Lawyer at Brown Family Law. He helped me through my multiple cases after my divorce. He was very responsive whenever I had questions about my cases or understanding how the law works. Russell was respectful of how he used my retainer and always gave me good sound advice even if it wasn’t what I wanted to hear. I highly recommend his services if you’re looking for a top notch Family lawyer! 5 out of 5 stars ⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️

Joseph Hutto

I recently engaged Andrew to review my divorce decree that was finalized in another state. He gave me excellent advice. I did not feel pressured to proceed one way or another. Instead, he gave me very reasonable scenarios to consider and allowed me to proceed down the path that felt most comfortable to me.

Natalie Warner

Clay Randle with Brown Family Law was excellent! I love the way the procedures with this company are organized. The attorney calls every Friday to check in with you so there’s no phone tag. Questions are answered very timely every week. Clay was very prompt in responding to emails. He was also great to “read the room” or the situation rather. Throughout the divorce, where grace was extended and healthy negotiation prevailed, he appeared to navigate the process in a calm and skillful way. I could see how he definitely had the capacity to respond in a more contentious, emotionally charged way if needed. He encouraged healthy boundaries with the splitting of assets and he understood both sides of what could happen if asking for a specific thing in the divorce. During a painful situation, Clay was able to crack some (tasteful) jokes and tried to keep a heavy situation feel a little less heavy. Couples seeking a divorce would be wise to choose Brown Family Law. They will be in great hands.

Dusty Boyer

I wholeheartedly recommend Andrew Christensen to anyone facing a divorce or custody battle. His passion and thoroughness as a divorce and custody attorney are truly exceptional. You’d think his name was on the firm’s door with the way he handles business—pouring his heart and expertise into every detail, even though it’s not his firm! From our first meeting, Andrew went far beyond a typical consultation, taking the time to listen, understand my situation, and craft a strategy that led to a successful outcome in my custody case. His dedication, compassion, and meticulous approach make him stand out. If you need an attorney who will fight for you like it’s personal, Andrew is the one to call!

Natalie Lewis

I absolutely believe that Brown Family Law is the best divorce attorney law firm in Utah. Attorney Ray Hingson did a fantastic job for me in a complicated divorce. He was there to guide me through the entire process. Ray touched base with me every week AND every time I called with worries or concerns. He handled things confidently and professionally. He took time to meet with me and explain everything so I could understand it. I felt like he really cared and wanted to do his best for me. His paralegal, Carren Leavitt, was also extremely helpful. All I had to do was pick up the phone and call her and she arranged a time for Ray to call me right back. She was always prompt and caring. I couldn't be happier!